15 Best Electronics Projects Ideas for Engineering Students | 8051 Projects

Major and Minor project submission is necessary for B.TECH and Diploma students in academic sessions. Here we discuss 15 electronics minor projects that is based on 8051 microcontroller, that will help you. 

What is 8051 Controller?

The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family developed by Intel Corporation in 1980. It was developed using N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (NMOS) technology and later it came to be identified by a letter C in their names e.g. 80C51 which was developed with Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology which consumes less power than NMOS and made it better compatible for battery-powered applications.

The projects we discuss here is based on 8051 controller. The technical name is AT89C51. AT stands for Atmel company, 89 represents the series of microcontroller, C stands for C-MOS technology and last 51 represents the number of controller.

Pin Description of AT89C51
8051 pin diagram
8051 Pin Diagram

RAM (Random-access memory)

  • Microcontroller 8051 has 128-byte RAM for data storage.
  • It is a Volatile type of memory. That means the data is lost when power to the device is turned off.
  • It is used during execution time to store data temporarily.
  • RAM consists of a register bank, stack, and temporary data storage with some special function registers (SFR’s).

ROM (Read Only Memory)

  • In 8051, 4KB ROM is available for program storage.  
  • It is a Non-Volatile type of memory. It means that data is not lost even in the event of power failure.
  • 8051 has a 16-bit address. It means it can access 2^16 memory locations and we can interface up to 64 KB of program memory externally in case of large applications.

Timers and Counters                                                                                   

  • Microcontroller 8051 has two timer pins T0 and T1
  • By these timers, we can generate a delay of a particular time in timer mode
  • We can count external pulses or events in counter mode
  • Two 16-bit timer registers are available as T0 (TH0 & TL0) and T1 (TH1 & TL1), e.g. If we want to load T0 then we can load Higher 8-bit in TH0 & Lower 8-bit in TL0
  • TMOD and TCON registers are used to select mode and control the timer operation

Interrupts

  • Interrupts are requested by internal or external peripherals which are masked while unused.
  • Interrupt handler routines are called after each interrupts event occurs.
  • These routines are called an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) and are located in special memory loc.
  • INT0 and INT1 pins used to accept external interrupts.

Oscillator

  • it is used to provide a clock to the 8051 which decides the speed and baud rate.
  • We use crystals of frequency varying from 4MHz to 30 MHz. Normally we use 11.0592 MHz frequency which is required for 9600 baud rate in serial communication.

I/O Ports

  • 8051 has four Input/output port P0, P1, P2, P3
  • Each port is 8 bit wide and their SFR (P0, P1, P2, P3) are bit accessible i.e. we can set or reset individual bit.
  • Some ports have dual functionality on their pins as,
  • P0 I/O pins are multiplexed with an 8-bit data bus and lower order address bus (AD0-AD7) which de-multiplexed by ALE signal and latch used in external memory access operation.
  • P2 I/O pins are multiplexed with remaining higher order address bus (A8-A15)
  • P3 I/O pins also have dual functions as,
  1. P3.0 – RXD – Serial data receive.
  2. P3.1 – TXD – Serial data transmit.
  3. P3.2 – INT0 – External Interrupt 0.
  4. P3.3 – INT1 – External Interrupt 1.
  5. P3.4 – T0 – Clock input for counter 0.
  6. P3.5 – T1 – Clock input for counter 1.
  7. P3.6 – WR – Signal for writing to external memory.
  8. P3.7 – RD – Signal for reading from external memory.
  • P0 and P2 can’t be used as I/O pins in the external memory access operation

Serial Communication port

  • 8051 has two serial communication pins TXD and RXD used for transmitting and receive data serially via the SBUF register
  • SCON SFR used to control serial operation
Projects Based on AT89C51 or 8051 Micro Controller:
Electronic voting machine using LCD (Micro-controller)
Password Based Circuit Breaker Using LCD+keypad (Micro-controller)
Water Level Indicator Using LCD and Buzzer (Micro-controller)
Digital Clock using 7- Segments (Micro-controller)
(All in 1) Interfacing kit (LED,LCD,7-Segment) (Micro-controller)
DC motor controller (Micro-controller)
LCD Display using Micro-controller
Clap counter
Stepper Motor control through Microcontroller with LCD
Robotic arm
Password based Door locking
Automatic bidectional visitor counter using micro controller
LCD Based Digital clock using Micro-controller
Electro magnetic breaking system
Electricity Generation through speed breaker
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